Trolleybus: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Coast Mountain Bus Company 2267-a.jpg|thumb|300px|An example of a 40-foot trolleybus]] | [[File:Coast Mountain Bus Company 2267-a.jpg|thumb|300px|An example of a 40-foot trolleybus]] | ||
[[File:San Francisco MUNI 7201-a.jpg|thumb|300px|An example of an [[Articulated Bus|articulated]] trolleybus]] | [[File:San Francisco MUNI 7201-a.jpg|thumb|300px|An example of an [[Articulated Bus|articulated]] trolleybus]] | ||
'''Trolley buses''' are buses that are powered by electricity, which is provided by two overhead wires (one for power and the other one for grounding electricity). Voltage is the same as the light rail trains (600 to 750 Watts) so the light rail and trolley buses can run along the same route. Modern trolley buses are equipped with auxiliary power units that allows off wire travel for a short distance. While connected to the overhead wires they can move 15 feet away from the centerline to bypass any obstacles such as parked vehicles, street construction, | '''Trolley buses''' are buses that are powered by electricity, which is provided by two overhead wires (one for power and the other one for grounding electricity). Voltage is the same as the light rail trains (600 to 750 Watts) so the light rail and trolley buses can run along the same route. Modern trolley buses are equipped with auxiliary power units that allows off wire travel for a short distance. While connected to the overhead wires they can move 15 feet away from the centerline to bypass any obstacles such as parked vehicles, street construction, or any other obstruction. A trolley bus can be either 40 feet or 60 feet long. | ||
==Advantages and disadvantages of trolley buses== | ==Advantages and disadvantages of trolley buses== | ||
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====[[Ikarus]]==== | ====[[Ikarus]]==== | ||
* [[Ikarus 280T|280T]] 1975-1989 | * [[Ikarus 280T|280T]] 1975-1989 | ||
====[[Flyer Industries]]==== | |||
* [[Western Flyer Coach E700A|E700A]] (1970-1973) | |||
* [[Flyer Industries E800|E800]] (1974-1979) | |||
* [[Flyer Industries E800B|E800B]] (1978) | |||
* [[Flyer Industries E901A|E901A]] (1981, for [[Coast Mountain Bus Company|Vancouver]]) | |||
* [[Flyer Industries E902|E902]] (1982-84, for [[Coast Mountain Bus Company|Vancouver]]) | |||
====[[New Flyer Industries]]==== | ====[[New Flyer Industries]]==== | ||
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** [[Toronto Transportation Commission]] (1922-1925, 1947-1954) | ** [[Toronto Transportation Commission]] (1922-1925, 1947-1954) | ||
** [[Toronto Transit Commission]] (1954-1993) | ** [[Toronto Transit Commission]] (1954-1993) | ||
* '''Vancouver, BC''' (1948-present) | * '''Vancouver, BC''' (1945, 1948-present) | ||
** [[BC Electric Railway]] (December 5-14, 1945; demonstration only) | |||
** [[BC Electric Railway]] (1948-1962) | ** [[BC Electric Railway]] (1948-1962) | ||
** [[BC Hydro Transit]] (1962-1973) | ** [[BC Hydro Transit]] (1962-1973) | ||
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** [[Vancouver Regional Transit System]] (1983-1999) | ** [[Vancouver Regional Transit System]] (1983-1999) | ||
** [[Coast Mountain Bus Company]] (1999-present) | ** [[Coast Mountain Bus Company]] (1999-present) | ||
* '''Victoria, BC''' (1945) | |||
** [[BC Electric Railway]] (November 19-30, 1945; demonstration only) | |||
* '''Winnipeg, MB''' (1938-1970) | * '''Winnipeg, MB''' (1938-1970) | ||
** [[Winnipeg Electric Company]] (1938-1953) | ** [[Winnipeg Electric Company]] (1938-1953) | ||
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=== United States [[Image:Flag of the United States.png|28px]]=== | === United States [[Image:Flag of the United States.png|28px]]=== | ||
(This list is incomplete) | (This list is incomplete) | ||
* '''Boston, MA''' (1936-present) | |||
**[[Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority]] (1964-present) | |||
**[[Metropolitan Transit Authority]] (1947-1964) | |||
**[[Boston Elevated Railway]] (1936-1947) | |||
* '''Dayton, OH''' (1933-present) | * '''Dayton, OH''' (1933-present) | ||
** [[Dayton Street Railway Company]] (1933) | ** [[Dayton Street Railway Company]] (1933) | ||
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** [[People's Transit Company]] (1940-1945) | ** [[People's Transit Company]] (1940-1945) | ||
** [[Dayton and Xenia Railway Company]] (1940-1955) | ** [[Dayton and Xenia Railway Company]] (1940-1955) | ||
** | ** [[City Transit Company (Dayton, OH)|City Transit Company]] (1955-1972) | ||
** [[Miami Valley Regional Transit Authority]] (1972-2003) | |||
** [[Greater Dayton Regional Transit Authority]] (2003-present) | |||
* '''Denver, CO''' (1940-1955) | * '''Denver, CO''' (1940-1955) | ||
** [[Denver Tramway Corporation]] (1940-1955) | ** [[Denver Tramway Corporation]] (1940-1955) | ||
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** [[Los Angeles Transit Lines]] (1947-1958) | ** [[Los Angeles Transit Lines]] (1947-1958) | ||
** [[Los Angeles Metropolitan Transit Authority]] (1958-1963) | ** [[Los Angeles Metropolitan Transit Authority]] (1958-1963) | ||
* '''Philadelphia, PA''' (1923-present) | |||
**[[Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority]] (1968-present) | |||
**[[Philadelphia Transportation Company]] (?-1968) | |||
**[[Philadelphia Rapid Transit Company]] (1923-?) | |||
* '''Portland, OR''' (1936-1958) | * '''Portland, OR''' (1936-1958) | ||
** [[Portland Traction Company]] (1936-1956) | ** [[Portland Traction Company]] (1936-1956) | ||
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** [[Seattle Transit System]] (1940-1972) | ** [[Seattle Transit System]] (1940-1972) | ||
** [[King County Metro Transit]] (1973-present) | ** [[King County Metro Transit]] (1973-present) | ||
* '''Wilmington, DE''' (1939-1957) | |||
** [[Delaware Coach Company]] (1941-1957) | |||
** [[Delaware Electric Power Company]] (1939-1941) | |||
==Sources Consulted== | ==Sources Consulted== |
Latest revision as of 22:21, 28 April 2022
Trolley buses are buses that are powered by electricity, which is provided by two overhead wires (one for power and the other one for grounding electricity). Voltage is the same as the light rail trains (600 to 750 Watts) so the light rail and trolley buses can run along the same route. Modern trolley buses are equipped with auxiliary power units that allows off wire travel for a short distance. While connected to the overhead wires they can move 15 feet away from the centerline to bypass any obstacles such as parked vehicles, street construction, or any other obstruction. A trolley bus can be either 40 feet or 60 feet long.
Advantages and disadvantages of trolley buses
Trolley buses have lots of advantages, they are the only vehicle buses that meet the Clear Air Act (1998) as they produce zero in-street emissions. They also offer quieter operation than diesel buses. Hamilton Street Railway discovered that trolley bus produces less acceleration noise than a Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) or a diesel bus by 35%. Methanol and natural gas buses are a relatively new technology and have not been proven due to low mileage. Trolley buses also have lower maintenance cost than the diesel buses because they don’t have a transmission, exhaust system and fuel system which accounted for 30 to 40 percent of the maintenance cost. A study showed level of ridership increase after the route was converted from diesel to trolley bus line. The trolley buses have better hill-climbing abilities than other transit vehicles. The estimated life-span of a trolleybus is 15 years as opposed to 12 years for a diesel hybrid[1].
Trolley buses have numerous disadvantages as well. They have a higher cost per vehicle than diesel buses with a 40 foot trolley bus costing $400,000 where as a diesel bus costs $210,000, a methanol bus cost $340,000 and a CNG bus cost $225,000. Trolley buses require an infrastructure system including overhead wires, poles and power substations. Converting a diesel bus route to a trolley bus route cost $2 million per mile. Retrofitting the existing diesel buses to reduce emission only cost $80,000 per bus. Trolley buses are criticized for destroying many neighbourhood’s visual amenities because they require an overhead wire system which is visible.
Models
Electric Transit Incorporated
Ikarus
- 280T 1975-1989
Flyer Industries
- E700A (1970-1973)
- E800 (1974-1979)
- E800B (1978)
- E901A (1981, for Vancouver)
- E902 (1982-84, for Vancouver)
New Flyer Industries
- New Flyer E40LF (2005)
- New Flyer E40LFR (2005-2013)
- New Flyer E60 (1993-1994)
- New Flyer E60LFR (2007-2013)
- New Flyer XT40 (2013-present)
- New Flyer XT60 (2013-present)
Škoda
Vossloh-Kiepe/Gillig
- BRT ETB (2014-present)
Agencies using trolley buses
Canada
|
|
United States
(This list is incomplete)
- Boston, MA (1936-present)
- Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (1964-present)
- Metropolitan Transit Authority (1947-1964)
- Boston Elevated Railway (1936-1947)
- Dayton, OH (1933-present)
- Dayton Street Railway Company (1933)
- Dayton Street Transit Company (1933-1941)
- Oakwood Street Railway (1936-1956)
- People's Railway Company (1936-1940)
- City Railway Company (1938-1955)
- People's Transit Company (1940-1945)
- Dayton and Xenia Railway Company (1940-1955)
- City Transit Company (1955-1972)
- Miami Valley Regional Transit Authority (1972-2003)
- Greater Dayton Regional Transit Authority (2003-present)
- Denver, CO (1940-1955)
- Denver Tramway Corporation (1940-1955)
- Detroit, MI (1921-192?, 1930-1937, 1949-1962)
- Detroit Street Railway (1921-192?, 1930-1937, 1949-1962)
- Honolulu, HI (1938-1956)
- Honolulu Rapid Transit (1938-1956)
- Los Angeles, CA (1910-1915, 1947-1963)
- Los Angeles Railway Company (1910-1915)
- Los Angeles Transit Lines (1947-1958)
- Los Angeles Metropolitan Transit Authority (1958-1963)
- Philadelphia, PA (1923-present)
- Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (1968-present)
- Philadelphia Transportation Company (?-1968)
- Philadelphia Rapid Transit Company (1923-?)
- Portland, OR (1936-1958)
- Portland Traction Company (1936-1956)
- Rose City Transit Company (1956-1958)
- Salt Lake City, UT (1928-1946)
- Utah Light and Traction Company (1928-1944)
- Salt Lake City Lines (1944-1946)
- San Francisco, CA (1941-present)
- MUNI (1941-present)
- Seattle, WA (1940-present)
- Seattle Transit System (1940-1972)
- King County Metro Transit (1973-present)
- Wilmington, DE (1939-1957)
- Delaware Coach Company (1941-1957)
- Delaware Electric Power Company (1939-1941)
Sources Consulted
The Trolley buses by Rafter David O.
Trolley Coaches Summary Report #2 by Toronto Transit Commission
- ↑ Trolley Bus System Evaluation - King County Metro, metro.kingcounty.gov, retrieved 2013-04-06